Abstract.This paper presents a systematic review of ship energy efficiency improvement and emission reduction technologies. Framed within the regulatory framework established by the IMO namely EEDI, EEXI, and CII the study analyzes ship energy consumption structures, emission characteristics, and compliance requirements. From a technical pathway perspective, the paper focuses on energy efficiency improvement measures (including hull form optimization, lightweight materials, propulsion system enhancements, and renewable energy integration) as well as emission reduction strategies (such as exhaust gas … Read more →

Abstract.To investigate the indoor air quality on middle school campus in China, PM2.5 samples in a classroom and a laboratory during summer and winter at a y middle school in a coastal city of China were collected and analyzed for their chemical composition and sources. Our results showed that the average winter and summer PM2.5 concentrations in the classroom and the laboratory ranged from 11-24 μg/m³ during the observation periods, which is slightly higher than the WHO recommended value of 10 μg/m³, suggesting a necessary for improving campus indoor air quality. Due to increased window ventilation, … Read more →

Abstract.Time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TIADCs) increase the overall sampling rate by operating multiple sub-ADCs with uniformly shifted sampling phases. However, channel-to-channel differences caused by device variations, analog front-end mismatch, and sampling-clock errors introduce deterministic interleaving spurs that degrade the output spectrum. This paper develops a MATLAB-based numerical model for the three dominant mismatch mechanisms: gain mismatch, offset mismatch, and timing-skew mismatch. A four-channel, 14-bit, 1-GS/s TIADC with 8192 samples is considered. The ideal … Read more →

Abstract.Algal monitoring supports water-quality assessment, ecosystem observation, and the timely detection of potentially harmful blooms. However, the technologies used for this purpose differ substantially in analytical target, taxonomic resolution, spatial coverage, and suitability for field deployment. This review critically examines microscopy, extracted-pigment spectrophotometry, chromatography, satellite remote sensing, and optical spectroscopy, with particular emphasis on fluorescence-based monitoring. The technological progression from laboratory chlorophyll determination to continuous … Read more →